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2023年9月2日 土曜日

ジョージア,戦争の間隙を縫って,中国が水力など,黒海進出狙う




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2023年9月2日 ジョージア,戦争の間隙を縫って,中国が水力など,黒海進出狙う

黒海の東側の山岳地帯,ジョージア,トルコと国境を接する,国内を2分しているのは,欧州帰属派と中国の資金力に依存派,欧州側は必ずしもEU加盟を支持していない,その混乱の間隙を縫って,中国がこの7月に,両国のパートナーシップ協定を仕掛けてきた,水力,港湾,交通などへの投資,

ジョージアは山岳国で,水力への依存度が高く,現在中国との間で議論が進む水力地点は,2か所が挙げられており,一つは,ネンスクラ水力(Nenskra hydropower facility)コーカサス山脈の西側で,設備出力は28万KW,二つは,カドリ水力(Khadori Hydropower Plant),70万KWである

中国は,黒海沿岸への進出を悲願とするが,このコーカサス山脈の厳しいルートよりも,ロシア領内からの進出が有利とされてきたが,今回のウクライナ戦争で微妙な変化が表れており,ジョージア自体の欧州連合への加盟やNATO傘下に入ることで国論がもめており,中国は先手を打って来ている

ジョージア,戦争の間隙を縫って,中国が水力など,黒海進出狙う
A230902 JAMNews https://onl.sc/uyujXQU
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Hydropower

Daily Update

A230902 Telefonica https://onl.sc/pAbZMA9
Hydropower: what is it, advantages and disadvantages? -
Hydropower is the first step in generating electricity in a clean and sustainable way. Hydropower harnesses the movement of water and its transport ...

A230902 Argus Media https://onl.sc/LyveYq4
Australian utility's gas, hydropower project costs rise | Argus Media
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A230902 JAMNews https://onl.sc/uyujXQU
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A230902 Power Philippines https://onl.sc/ZfSGNdk
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A230831 Mondaq https://onl.sc/dx9HKVk
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A230831 ANTARA News https://onl.sc/GZ55mSk
Indonesia has huge potential to develop green economy: President - ANTARA News
The industrial area will use hydropower from the Kayan River in that area. "If we use this power properly, it will become our country's strength ..


A230830 YouTube https://onl.sc/Brj6t82
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A230830 Mongabay https://onl.sc/z67mqxt
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A230830 pv magazine India https://onl.sc/zvEr717
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A230830 The Star https://onl.sc/AnGrmQS
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A230829 The Kathmandu Post https://onl.sc/qACaJVG
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A230829 Tunnel Business Magazine https://onl.sc/16vmQfu
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A230829 Irish Tech News https://onl.sc/5d7vZjL
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A230827 Vietnam Plus https://onl.sc/msza6r7
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A230827 The Citizen Tanzania https://onl.sc/trDATjE
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... Director Maharage Chande has announced that they have added 24 more employees to the Julius Nyerere Hydropower Project (JNHPP), bringing the.


A230826 BQ Prime https://onl.sc/nrUYUts
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A230826 The Nation https://onl.sc/gD5iQRB
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A230826 Onlinekhabar English https://onl.sc/fMc6cx2
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A230826 The Tunnelling Journal https://onl.sc/p9sZ4mP
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A230825 Post Courier https://onl.sc/dMTAtx3
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A230825 Mongabay https://onl.sc/kiwXSik
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Archives

A230824 Latin Finance's https://onl.sc/bruNzm9
Argentina nabs financing for hydropower plant | LatinFinance.com
Argentina said Tuesday it approved plans to borrow $475 million from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to revamp a major hydropower plant.


A230824 Dunya News https://onl.sc/K9gkdhb
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A230823 Dhaka Tribune https://onl.sc/fgcxBkN
Spokesperson: Dhaka trying to get sufficient info on China hydroelectric dams
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A230823 China.org https://onl.sc/Bptfgdu
Chinese-built power plant in Uganda launches fourth turbine set, moving closer to ...
22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese-built Karuma Hydropower Plant, in north-central Uganda's Kiryandongo District, has successfully launched the fourth of its
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A230822 Lowy Institute https://onl.sc/6v7Z2Pr
India doubles down on regional connectivity to counter China - Lowy Institute
People work at the construction site of the Tanahu hydropower project in ... as the building of two hydropower projects and a petroleum pipeline.


A230819 InfoGuide Nigeria https://onl.sc/PfbcyGm
Top 15 Countries with Hydropower Potential in Africa - InfoGuide Nigeria
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A230819 uc.edu.kh https://onl.sc/Niq33n8
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大阪府河川室のHPでは、安威川の水位情報や河川カメラの映像を確認できます。 ... は終了しました 大阪府では、現在、安威川ダム本体工事を進めています。


A230819 Dhaka Tribune https://onl.sc/fgcxBkN
Spokesperson: Dhaka trying to get sufficient info on China hydroelectric dams
Earlier, media reports on China's major hydropower project on the Brahmaputra River (Yarlung Zangbo River) in Tibet raised concerns in India and .
..

A230819 Longview News-Journal https://onl.sc/PNkhAV9
BRI has brought positive changes to world: Argentine experts - Longview News-Journal
18, 2023LENGTH: 00:01:48LOCATION: Buenos AiresCATEGORY: POLITICSSHOTLIST:1. various of hydropower project construction site in Argentina2. various .
..

A230817 The Global Herald https://onl.sc/gRf9Sj9
Green Development Commitment - The Global Herald
To fulfill this commitment, China built six mega hydropower stations on the Yangtze River: #Wudongde, #Baihetan, #Xiluodu, #Xiangjiaba, ..
.

A230817 Mongabay https://onl.sc/gde9LEx
Hydropower in the Pan Amazon: Tucurui and the Tocantins Cascade - Mongabay
The oldest hydropower facility in the Brazilian Amazon is the Tucurui D&R complex (8.4 GW) on the lower Tocantins River, about 200 kilometers ..


A230817 Mirage News https://onl.sc/gwH1rLg
18th Round of Talks to Update Columbia River Treaty Begins | Mirage News
... planning for Treaty hydropower operations, integrating Canada's desire for greater flexibility, establishing mechanisms for incorporating ...

A230817 New Telegraph https://onl.sc/f4Wvb2v
Hydropower, Nigeria's Cheapest Source Of Electricity At N3.67 kW/hour - New Telegraph
According to it, in electricity market invoices for 2023, hydropower plants charged an energy tariff of 3.67N/kWh, compared to the industry average of ...



Archives
(過去の資料は2023年8月24日欄に収容)

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ジョージア,戦争の間隙を縫って,中国が水力など,黒海進出狙う<br>

資料集

世界がウクライナ戦争に気を取られている中、トビリシと中国の間の新たな合意は、黒海における中国の駐留に道を開く可能性がある

7月、中国とジョージアは、貿易、インフラ、政治的関係、教育における二国間協力を高めることを目的とした戦略的パートナーシップ協定に署名した。ジョージアは、中国との地域および国際問題における協力を強化するとともに、中国の2つの影響力のあるプロジェクトを支援することを約束した。一帯一路と世界安全保障の取り組み。

2017年に署名された自由貿易協定にもかかわらず、ジョージアにとって中国の経済的重要性は最小限だった。ジョージアは歴史的に南コーカサスへの中国投資の大部分を受けてきたが、2022年の南コーカサス投資総額は20億ドルのうちわずか1億900万ドルに過ぎなかった。ジョージアへのFDIの合計。注目すべき中国の投資は、トビリシ北部の1億9500万ドルの華陵トビリシ海新都市経済特区、カドリ水力発電所、そしてアジアインフラ投資銀行(AIIB)からの1億ドルの資金で建設されたネンスクラ水力発電施設である。

中国との新たな戦略的パートナーシップは、EUがジョージアに候補者としての地位を与えることを拒否したことと一致する。トビリシは、拒否によって国が他の権力の中枢に向かう可能性があることを間接的にほのめかしているのかもしれない。本質的に、ジョージア州は、誰がより多くの金を払ってくれるかを見極めるために地政学的な競売にかけようとしているのだ。中国は資金を持っており、それが南コーカサスの陸橋をめぐる闘争において潜在的に強力なプレーヤーとなる可能性がある。

グルジア国内の政治状況も重要です。この提携に対する反応はまちまちだった。与党を支持する人々はこの決定を歓迎した。政治的反対派は、この措置が西側諸国からジョージアを孤立させることになるという主張に強く抵抗した。どちらの見解も過激すぎるように思えます。中国がそれほど迅速に南コーカサスに進出するとは考えにくい。

また、署名されたパートナーシップについてはまだ不明な点が多いため、EUがこの協定を理由にトビリシに圧力をかけることは(少なくとも現時点では)ない。トビリシは依然としてこの地域における西側の主要なパートナーであり、両国関係を危険にさらすつもりはない。EUがEU候補資格の最終決定を下す2023年末までにジョージア州がどのような成績を収めるかに大きく左右される。拒否すれば同国は西側諸国からさらに遠ざかる可能性があり、有力な代替案は中国になる可能性がある。

中国全体としては、ジョージアから得られる経済的利益は常に最小限であり、これは今後も続く可能性が高い。中国政府にとって重要な問題は、ジョージアと南コーカサスとの関わりから得られる地政学的利益が、わずかな経済的利益を上回るかどうかである。今のところ、その証拠はほとんどありません。署名された戦略的パートナーシップは、それ自体が重要な進展ではあるが、依然として具体的な中国の投資によって裏付けられる必要がある。

Nenskra hydropower facility
Nenskra Hydro Power Plant (also known as Nenskra HPP) is a proposed hydroelectric power station to be located on the southern slopes of the Central Caucasus mountains in Svaneti, Georgia.

The plant has a projected capacity of 280 MW, and a projected average annual energy production of 1.2 TWh.[1] It is being developed by JSC Nenskra Hydro, founded in 2015 as a joint venture between Korea Water Resource Corporation and JSC Partnership Fund.[2]

The project has faced significant opposition from representatives of all communities in Upper Svaneti.[3]

Khadori Hydropower Plant
Country Georgia
Location Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Coordinates 42°57′17″N 42°11′38″E
Status Proposed
Construction began 1979
Dam and spillways
Type of dam concrete double-arch-gravity dam
Impounds Enguri River
Height 200.5 m (658 ft)
Power Station
Turbines 3 X 233.3 MW
Installed capacity 700 MW (max. planned)

Nenskra hydropower facility
Nenskra Hydro Power Plant (also known as Nenskra HPP) is a proposed hydroelectric power station to be located on the southern slopes of the Central Caucasus mountains in Svaneti, Georgia.

The plant has a projected capacity of 280 MW, and a projected average annual energy production of 1.2 TWh.[1] It is being developed by JSC Nenskra Hydro, founded in 2015 as a joint venture between Korea Water Resource Corporation and JSC Partnership Fund.[2]

The project has faced significant opposition from representatives of all communities in Upper Svaneti.[3]

China’s economic importance to Georgia has been minimal, even despite the free trade agreement signed in 2017. Though Georgia has historically received the majority of Chinese investment in the South Caucasus, in 2022 those totaled only 109 million dollars in 2022 out of total $2 billion of total FDI into Georgia. Notable Chinese investments are the $195 million Hualing Tbilisi Sea New City special economic zone in the north of Tbilisi, Khadori Hydropower Plant and the Nenskra hydropower facility built by $100 million in funding from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).

The signing of the strategic partnership marks a real change in China’s thinking, which needs to be explained from a wider geopolitical context. From the Chinese perspective major shifts are taking place in the wider Black Sea region, where Russia and the West are competing to build exclusive geopolitical orders. Western powers and Russia are distracted by the war in Ukraine, creating a vacuum in the eastern Black Sea and the South Caucasus. Turkey and Iran have grasped this opportunity and China seems to be doing the same.

Yet it is not only about China and its strategic interests. Tbilisi was also interested in advancing the ties at this exact moment. Georgia’s foreign policy is undergoing substantial changes. The country’s goal surely remains to get closer to the EU, but there are concrete signs that Tbilisi is building a multi-vector foreign policy. Closer ties with China fit into this emerging pattern.

The new Strategic Partnership with China coincides with the EU’s refusal to grant Georgia candidate status. Tbilisi might be indirectly implying that rejection could drive the country towards other power centers. Essentially, Georgia is trying to put itself on geopolitical auction to see who would be willing to pay more. China has cash and that makes it a potentially powerful player in the struggle for the South Caucasus land bridge.

Nor will the EU pressure Tbilisi because of the deal (at least for the moment), because much is still unclear about the signed partnership. Tbilisi still remains the major partner to the West in the region and it will be unwilling to risk those relations. Much depends on how Georgia is performing by the end of 2023, when the EU will be making a final decision on EU candidate status. Refusal could push the country further away from the West and a viable alternative could be China.

















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