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２０２３年１０月５日 木曜日
ジョージアの水力プロジェクト，ウクライナ事変を受け，政府の強硬推進に住民の反対運動
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Asia Energy Front
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A230930 Energy Global https://onl.sc/pwSZnwQ
Fortum to modernise Untra hydropower plant in Sweden - Energy Global
Fortum will invest over SEK 700 million during 2023 ? 2030 to modernise Untra, one of Sweden's oldest hydropower plants.
A230930 ESI-Africa.com https://onl.sc/QMzVA1t
Pumped storage hydropower for Africa Single Electricity Market? - ESI-Africa.com
AUDA-NEPAD have studied promising renewable energy sources to support the Africa Single Electricity Market, like pumped storage hydropower.
A230929 Kuensel Online https://onl.sc/aHGPxYk
ADB downgrades Bhutan's growth forecast for 2023 but upgrades the year after
Hydropower and construction accounted for 26 percent of GDP in 2022. However, the Bank forecast a slightly higher growth of 0.2 percentage points for ...
A230929 The Citizen Tanzania https://onl.sc/ivcpkVV
New Tanesco boss highlights priorities as power woes bite - The Citizen
Tanzania
... Hydropower Plant, which is expected to generate 2,115 megawatts. According to him, other factors that cause the shortage of power include the ...
Archives
A230928 The New Times https://onl.sc/qiMGxvn
Rwanda: Six dams to help cope with climate quirks - The New Times
... An aerial view of the ongoing construction activities of the 43.5MW
Nyabarongo II hydropower plant in Gakenke Ditrict. Courtesy.
A230928 StreetInsider https://onl.sc/bjS8hfU
India, China Ramp Up Coal Use as Hydropower Production Drops - StreetInsider
This represents the fastest reduction in hydropower generation in the region
in decades and has forced China and India to go elsewhere to… Read ...
A230927 VnExpress International https://onl.sc/aKfY3ft
EVN seeks to speed up electricity imports from Laos - VnExpress International
It plans to import electricity equivalent to 225 MW from the Nam Mo and Houay Koauan hydropower plants. It is also seeking permission to link up ...
A230924 Thaiger https://onl.sc/zMGwBM9
Gulf Energy and China Datang collaborate on Thai-Laos hydroelectric project | Thaiger
Pak Beng Hydropower project, Image by Mekong River Commission. Pak Beng Hydropower project, Image by Mekong River Commission. Gulf Energy ...
A230923 Nasdaq https://onl.sc/ThVrYFe
China, India lead Asia's biggest hydropower crunch in decades - Nasdaq
Hydropower generation in Asia has plunged at the fastest rate in decades amid sharp declines in China and India, data shows, forcing power ...
A230923 International Water Power & Dam Construction https://onl.sc/XfE9fRv
Texmaco-SSMPL JV secures contract for Arun-3 hydropower project in Nepal
... hydropower project currently under construction in Nepal. The Texmaco-SSMPL JV, having recently secured an order valued at Rs 179.89 crore from ...
A230923 EnergyPortal.eu - https://onl.sc/h3Ub7Za
Hydropower Generation in Asia Plunges as China and India Rely More on Fossil Fuels
Between January and July, Asia's hydropower output fell by 17.9%, while fossil fuel-fired power rose by 4.5%, according to energy think tank Ember.
A230922 EurAsian Times https://onl.sc/p1F1tgx
China 'Ridicules' Nepal Ahead Of Beijing Meet; Derides 'Nepal's Pride' That It Exports To India China's Hydropower Projects In Nepal. According to recent reports in the Nepali media, in the last decade, installed hydropower production in Nepal ...
A230921 News Room Guyana https://onl.sc/f2KW6KP
Guyana to supply Caribbean with energy from oil, renewable sources
... hydropower, Guyana's President Dr. Irfaan Ali said the country is positioning
itself to become a regional energy exporter. “We want to create a ...
A230921 People's Daily https://onl.sc/cHN7DQq
World's largest clean energy corridor Baihetan hydropower station - People's Daily Online
Aerial view of the Baihetan hydropower station, which straddles the provinces
of Yunnan and Sichuan on the Jinsha River, the upper section of the ...
A230921 ライブドアニュース - livedoor https://onl.sc/rt5Ci9a
中国の発電設備容量、8月末は27億6千万キロワット - ライブドアニュース
主要発電企業による電源開発プロジェクトへの投資額（実行ベース）は46.6％増の4703億元（1元＝約20円）、うち太陽光発電への投資額は82.7％増の1873億元 ..
A230919 Minute Mirror https://onl.sc/XPrJSB1
Neutral expert to decide fate of Kishanganga, Ratle hydropower projects - Minute Mirror
... hydropower projects. This hearing is scheduled to take place from September 20 to September 21 in The Hague. Pakistan's delegation, which includes ...
Archives
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ジョージアの水力プロジェクト，ウクライナ事変を受け，政府の強硬推進に住民の反対運動
資料集
ジョージアの水力プロジェクト，ウクライナ事変を受け，政府の強硬推進に住民の反対運動
A231005 OC Media https://onl.la/FJpWxgh
Georgia's 'zombie' hydropower projects - OC Media
As Georgia's government promises to resume the construction of controversial hydropower plants (HPPs) in western Georgia, local people remain ...
２０２３年９月２日 ジョージア，戦争の間隙を縫って，中国が水力など，黒海進出狙う
黒海の東側の山岳地帯，ジョージア，トルコと国境を接する，国内を２分しているのは，欧州帰属派と中国の資金力に依存派，欧州側は必ずしもＥＵ加盟を支持していない，その混乱の間隙を縫って，中国がこの７月に，両国のパートナーシップ協定を仕掛けてきた，水力，港湾，交通などへの投資，
ジョージアは山岳国で，水力への依存度が高く，現在中国との間で議論が進む水力地点は，２か所が挙げられており，一つは，ネンスクラ水力（Nenskra hydropower facility）コーカサス山脈の西側で，設備出力は２８万ＫＷ，二つは，カドリ水力（Khadori Hydropower Plant），７０万ＫＷである
中国は，黒海沿岸への進出を悲願とするが，このコーカサス山脈の厳しいルートよりも，ロシア領内からの進出が有利とされてきたが，今回のウクライナ戦争で微妙な変化が表れており，ジョージア自体の欧州連合への加盟やＮＡＴＯ傘下に入ることで国論がもめており，中国は先手を打って来ている
ジョージア，戦争の間隙を縫って，中国が水力など，黒海進出狙う
A230902 JAMNews https://onl.sc/uyujXQU
Push Westward: China on the Black Sea - JAMNews
Notable Chinese investments are the $195 million Hualing Tbilisi Sea New City special economic zone in the north of Tbilisi, K
Mestiachala hydropower plant, to build a 50MW cascade
Nenskra Hydro Power Plant (also known as Nenskra HPP) is a proposed hydroelectric power station to be located on the southern slopes of the Central Caucasus mountains in Svaneti, Georgia.
The plant has a projected capacity of 280 MW, and a projected average annual energy production of 1.2 TWh.[1] It is being developed by JSC Nenskra Hydro, founded in 2015 as a joint venture between Korea Water Resource Corporation and JSC Partnership Fund.[2]
The project has faced significant opposition from representatives of all communities in Upper Svaneti.[3]
General Background
The Nenskra river joins the river Enguri from the right side. It is 42 km long with the watershed area of 623 km2. The river originates on elevation of 2915 m above the sea level and is nourished by glaciers, snow, rain, and ground waters. Its water regime is characterized with flood in spring and summer and shallowness in winter. Flood rate is the highest in autumn. In winter the river experiences flood icing, anchor ice, ice apron. Average annual discharge of the Nenskra river is 40.1 m3/sec.
In winter, when less water is available from rivers and domestic energy consumption rises, Georgia experiences a deficit in electricity supplies, and imports energy from neighbouring countries. Nenskra HPP is one of the four proposed power schemes with a large regulation capacity, intended to meet the government's strategy to reduce dependency on imported power during the winter.[4]
Description
Nenskra HPP will be constructed in the Nenskra and Nakra valleys on the southern slopes of the Central Caucasus mountains in Mestia Municipality, Svaneti. Construction is scheduled to start in 2020.
Nenskra HPP is being implemented based on BOT (Build-operate-transfer) model that stipulates transfer of the ownership to Georgia 36 years after the HPP is commissioned.
Nenskra Powerhouse
The Nenskra HPP powerhouse will house three vertical Pelton turbines of 93 MW capacity each and with 280 MW total installed capacity. Generated power will be transmitted to a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS Substation) and through the transmission line will be connected to the country's power grid.
Water flow of 47.0 m/sec will be transferred through a 15.1 km long and 4.5 m wide headrace tunnel to the turbines. In the close proximity with the HPP powerhouse, the headrace tunnel will branch into three separate penstocks to connect to the turbines. Water is transferred to a tunnel through a water intake located on the left bank of the reservoir creating a 130 m high asphalt faced-rockfill dam. The dam will be raised about 5 km off the village of Tita up the narrow gorge of the Nenskra river creating a live storage of 3,176 million m3. From the reservoir, water is to be supplied into the headrace tunnel. To improve the energy scheme, three low-pressure dams will be constructed in the Nakra river valley. Out of the created reservoir, 45.5 m/sec additional water is to be discharged into the Nenskra reservoir through a transfer tunnel allowing the Nenskra HPP to produce 1,219 GWh yearly.
The powerhouse of Nenskra HPP is planned on the left bank of the Nenskra river on the edge of village Chuberi. The power unit will consist of the HPP powerhouse and near-located GIS substation.
Nenskra Dam & Nakra Weir
The main structures of the Nenskra dam are to be a 125?130 high and 870 long dam on the upper Nenskra river to create a live storage of 176 million m3 and a reservoir area at supply level of 2.7 km2. The dam will capture the flows of the Nenskra river and the adjacent Nakra river upstream of the existing Khudoni HPP reservoir, exploiting the available head of 725 m.[4]
The Nakra Weir is 8.7 m high and 44 m long located on the Nakra river and is built for impoundment and diversion.
Tunnels
The Nakra transfer tunnel connects the Nakra valley with the Nenskra valley and is approximately 12.5 km long by 3.5 m in diameter and will divert water from behind the Nakra weir and into the Nenskra reservoir.
The Nenskra headrace tunnel follows the left bank of the Nenskra valley and is about 15.1 km long by 4.5 m wide. The tunnel connects to the surface penstock upstream of the Powerhouse at a level around 600 m above valley floor level.
The power unit will include the HPP powerhouse, tailrace for discharged water and GIS substation.
Water will be supplied from the intake of the headrace tunnel to the end of the penstock. The penstock starts from the surge, which then transfers into the turbine tunnels. Waste water will be discharged into the Nenskra river by tailrace.
During the operation, 3 units of Pelton turbine type electromechanical plants, each with installed capacity of 93MW will be installed.
To defend from the probable maximum flood, the diversion tunnel dimensions are designed to deal with probable maximum discharge of 1 101 m/sec that is 3.67 times as much as expected discharge of 300 m/sec with the rate of once in 10000 years.
Reservoir
According to the previously drawn up plan the reservoir will capture the flow slowly and gradually (layer by layer). The dam will operate in the natural regime of the river through a bottom outlet to keep the water at the level of 1 370 m.
any additional HPPs in the region, including Nenskra and Khudoni ? much larger, dam-based hydroelectric projects south of Mestiachala.
In December 2022, people from Mestia vowed not to allow the Khudoni project to be built, promising that they would hold the oath they had made to religious icons in 2013.
While more than 80% of Georgia’s electricity already comes from domestic hydropower production, Georgian leaders have recently echoed European rhetoric on the need to reduce energy dependence on Russia, particularly in light of Georgia’s growing electricity use.
However, much of the electricity that, on paper, is imported from Russia into Georgia is in fact destined for Abkhazia, a region that declared independence from Georgia in the early 1990s. In 2021, for example, 80% of electricity imported from Russia (993 million of 1,245 million kWh) went to Abkhazia.
In March 2022, Gharibashvili vowed to implement the ‘big HPPs’, namely Namakhvani, Nenskra, and Khudoni, adding that this would take place ‘only through the participation of the state, so that they belong to our people and our state, and not private investors’.
The current opportunity is tightly tied to Georgia’s role in implementing the EU-supported 3GW high-voltage Black Sea submarine electricity cable, which would connect the electricity systems of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Romania, and Hungary.
The European Investment Bank told OC Media that the cable connecting Georgia to the EU had the potential to contribute to ‘mutual resilience’, and would allow Georgia to export green energy from the South Caucasus to Europe. They added that it was ‘one of the flagship projects’ in the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood Economic and Investment Plan.
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